At the height of its power, Rome conquered the whole of Southern Europe, stretching its reach from the Atlantic coast of Iberia to the rugged highlands of the Balkans. This vast expansion didn’t happen overnight. Through centuries of warfare, diplomacy, and infrastructure, Rome transformed the fragmented lands of Southern Europe into a unified part of its empire.
From City-State to Superpower
Rome began as a small city on the banks of the Tiber River. Yet, over time, it grew into a force that swept across the Mediterranean. Starting with the conquest of the Italian peninsula, the Romans then set their sights westward to Hispania(modern Spain and Portugal), south to Sicily and Malta, and east toward the Greek world and the Balkans.
Each new territory brought challenges, but Rome used its legions, roads, and alliances to secure control. Even so, resistance was common—especially in mountain regions and coastal strongholds. Despite that, Roman influence spread steadily.
Rome conquered the whole of Southern Europe
The Romanization of the South
Once Rome conquered the whole of Southern Europe, it did more than plant flags. The empire built roads, aqueducts, and cities. Latin became the official language in the west, while Greek remained dominant in the east. Roman law, coinage, and architecture took root across the continent. Cities like Lyon, Tarragona, Split, and Pula still bear traces of Roman influence.
Religious practices blended, markets thrived, and a sense of shared imperial identity began to grow—even among former enemies. As a result, Southern Europe became not just Roman territory, but Roman in culture and mindset.
A Legacy That Still Shapes the Continent
Because Rome conquered Southern Europe, its legacy lives on in languages, laws, and city plans. From Portugal to Greece, ancient amphitheaters, temples, and ruins still stand. The empire may have fallen, but the idea of Rome continues to shape Southern Europe’s cultural heart.